Upgrading from Windows 7 Beta to the Release Candidate

I've written in the past that Microsoft will support upgrading from the Beta version of Windows 7 to the upcoming release candidate (RC) version. And it's true. But as Microsoft reveals in a typically long-winded Engineering Windows 7 blog post, it's going to take a bit of work.

These instructions will be brief.

LOL. That sentence appears a whopping 1,058 words into the post, by the way.

Anyway...

Here’s what you can do to bypass the check for pre-release upgrade IF YOU REALLY REALLY NEED TO:

  1. Download the ISO as you did previously and burn the ISO to a DVD.
  2. Copy the whole image to a storage location you wish to run the upgrade from (a bootable flash drive or a directory on any partition on the machine running the pre-release build).
  3. Browse to the sources directory.
  4. Open the file cversion.ini in a text editor like Notepad.
  5. Modify the MinClient build number to a value lower than the down-level build. For example, change 7100 to 7000.
  6. Save the file in place with the same name.
  7. Run setup like you would normally from this modified copy of the image and the version check will be bypassed.

These same steps will be required as we transition from the RC milestone to the RTM milestone.

So let's be clear here: Upgrading build over build is never recommended. If you can do it, do a clean install of the RC instead.

Oh, and as for RC-to-RTM or Beta-to-RTM upgrades, I'd been told previously that this would not be supported. But the workaround above will apparently work. Seriously, do not do this.

Discuss this Article 52

robertsjoe
on Apr 7, 2009
Still on track to meet your prediction that Windows 7 would ship in April 2009?
kenmcnamee
on Apr 7, 2009
Doing upgrades with pre-release builds is pure insanity. You can simply never be sure that everything will work as correctly as if you did a clean install. Just for kicks I tried a 7048 to 7057 upgrade and saw lots of weird behavior for a couple of days before I wiped the machine and did the clean install.
Waethorn
on Apr 7, 2009
I'll wait for the publicly-available RC before attempting any install on a computer here, thanks. BTW: Microsoft just posted a survey to Registered Partners to ask how they would like to receive Action Pack updates in the future. The emphasis is on receiving software electronically, rather than waiting for quarterly update kits with discs. I'm really hoping they implement this before Windows 7 ships, so that I can get the bits a lot earlier. MSDN and TechNet Plus users have had access to downloadable software for years now. Action Pack subscribers have been left out of the loop. Also, it would make a lot more sense for Microsoft to add ISO mounting via a low-level driver so that software installation would be faster. I'd like to see command-line support in Windows PE too. They already did this with VHD support. ISO support is the last remaining piece of the puzzle.
Waethorn
on Apr 7, 2009
Also, the "super secret announcement" they're making about the RC is this: Anybody that registers for the RC download and submits at least one piece of feedback gets a free RTM copy when it gets released.
kenmcnamee
on Apr 7, 2009
By the way, a supposedly legitimate copy of build 7077 x86 is available through the torrentsphere right now. This may be the build that is going into RC escrow.
subzerohitman721
on Apr 7, 2009
So exciting that we're finally getting to the RC escrow builds and this really excellent OS will be nearing the end of its testing phase. I have to say that I've not seen in recent memory of the last 10 years, people excitied for a brand new Microsoft OS. Even those who aren't big fans of MIcrosoft are willing to give Windows 7 a shot. A lot of guys are really surprised at the quality of the builds and I really this holds up all the way through to the RTM build. I'm very content to stick with 7057 until we get to the RC. Its stable enough that I can browse and do task. Plus it gives Microsoft a later build to get telemetry and data from. Its also been quite a pleasure talking with local Mac owners who are just as exited to run Windows 7. Not only are they surprised but they are planning to buy Windows 7 too. Its great to hear them talking about features that they love, games, speed, quality of the builds and the same enthusiasm that Windows uers are having. Its nice to see that Windows and OS-X users can find common ground. Its great to see that a lot of OS-X users are really rooting for Microsoft. I think they get it. A strong Microsoft OS only leads to better Apple OS.
Raf
on Apr 7, 2009
@Waethorn: Not true, but thanks for playing.
robertsjoe
on Apr 7, 2009
Microsoft's Lauren: She Bought The Fourth-Best Computer. You get what you pay for. Cheap Microsoft users. http://www.businessweek.com/technology/ByteOfTheApple/blog/archives/2009...
Master3
on Apr 7, 2009
Still not satisfied that she didn't by your precious (overpriced) Apple lappy? Awwwwwwwwww. Apple fanatics = Life's losers. Anything to keep covering for the drop in sales of Apple computers while PCs are rising, eh? Guess more people want to be like Lauren, and less like robertsjoe. Shocker!
Waethorn
on Apr 7, 2009
@Raf: They did this with the Vista beta for Connect users, but at the time, Connect was a lot harder to find, and you had to be approved to be accepted into the program. I was accepted, but didn't submit any feedback at the time (hey, I was busy....). They didn't announce the giveaway until AFTER the beta period was over though, so they were like "you lose", and I was like "DOH!".
Waethorn
on Apr 7, 2009
@robertsjoe: You should know already that nobody reads pages on *week.com and *world.com. People here know better. btw: Kennedy called. Your credit card was declined for that copy of DMS Clarity you ordered.
mikegalos@msn.com
on Apr 7, 2009
Waethorn
on Apr 7, 2009
@Raf: Since you're watching this space, do me a favour: Grab a netbook or small notebook system with Vista or 7 on it (preferably a Premium version, but it doesn't have to be running Aero) and throw on the Origami Experience 2.0 and run it for common things like web and media functionality. Don't forget to check out the impressive RSS stuff in it too. Now, don't you think this is the UI that Microsoft should be pushing for low-end netbooks to compete against similarly UI'ed netbook versions of Linux?! How did they completely overlook this UX when they were contemplating netbook versions of Windows 7???
Lindy
on Apr 7, 2009
"Its also been quite a pleasure talking with local Mac owners who are just as exited to run Windows 7. Not only are they surprised but they are planning to buy Windows 7 too. Its great to hear them talking about features that they love, games, speed, quality of the builds and the same enthusiasm that Windows uers are having" Really is this in Seattle? Two blocks from the MS campus? I am not getting that vibe at all from Mac owners I know.
robertsjoe
on Apr 7, 2009
@mikegalos, @master3: It's obvious you guys like inferior stuff. Microsoft is inferior. PCs are inferior. @waethorn sells the stuff to unsuspecting people. Microsoft is like McDonald's. Lots of crap dished out to millions of people.
robertsjoe
on Apr 7, 2009
But come on people, WIndows 7 is old hat. It's like when IBM announces something. No one but the corporates care. Microsoft, big, large and boring. The new IBM. What about covering more Apple, Google, FriendFeed, Facebook and Twitter on here? And before you all chime in claiming that this is a "Windows" blog, we all know that it couldn't be further from the truth.
robertsjoe
on Apr 7, 2009
@mikegalos: It's ironic that the "comic" is using one of Microsoft's worst creations ever, Clippy.
darkmax
on Apr 7, 2009
waoh.... flame war in here.... I detest hat statement that says that microsoft is inferior. If it is truly inferior, why is Apple OSes limited to their own machines? What's more machine with yesterday's tech.
darkmax
on Apr 7, 2009
Hopefully Windows 7 will retail soon.
robertsjoe
on Apr 7, 2009
When a company moves away from Windows to Linux or Mac -- this is what happens: "We found that by migrating away from Windows we've been able to significantly reduce costs and it's given us a far more stable environment." http://www.itnews.com.au/News/100605,oldfields-desktops-go-to-linux-mac-and-donâ%C2%80%C2%99t-look-back.aspx Yes, reduce costs and you gain a more stable environment. No wonder, who'd want an insecure OS like Windows. Worry about viruses, spyware and the like. In the end, you pay the Microsoft tax.
Auras
on Apr 7, 2009
Everybody is just jealous that Windows 7 is getting more coverage than vaporware Snow Leopard :P
subzerohitman721
on Apr 8, 2009
@Lindy, "Really is this in Seattle? Two blocks from the MS campus? I am not getting that vibe at all from Mac owners I know." Wrong city and no where near Microsoft. Try some where in the Lone Star State, where there's southern hospitality. Yes, hard to believe but its true. Not all Mac users "think" alike.
lotsamystuff
on Apr 8, 2009
"Microsoft is like McDonald's. Lots of crap dished out to millions of people." Careful there, sparky. You're setting yourself up for another one of "Waethorn's" patented pro-McDonald's rants. He spews them as he wipes the (alleged) poutine from his lower lip.
chuckb84
on Apr 8, 2009
"Its nice to see that Windows and OS-X users can find common ground. Its great to see that a lot of OS-X users are really rooting for Microsoft. I think they get it. A strong Microsoft OS only leads to better Apple OS." I mostly agree with this, and it works both ways. Microsoft has been (and sometimes continues to be) a bullying monopolist; Apple has forced them away from that position. In turn, if Microsoft gives Apple some competition with Windows 7, that's great. ("The bastards say, Welcome." if anyone here is old enough to get the reference.) You know, despite strongly held opinions, the best situation is with Microsoft and Apple to be in a position where neither is dominant. Details and rhetoric aside, that's what I'm always after, and the thing that users should always look out for is the dreaded "lockin" where one vendor tries to create barriers to future changes. Hopefully, my workplace will allow Win7; we're still on XP and it is forbidden to install Vista. Whatever I think of Win7 or Vista relative to OSX, I would prefer them to XP. However, if it breaks our old creaky enterprise software, we'll stick with XP.
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
"You're setting yourself up for another one of "Waethorn's" patented pro-McDonald's rants." At least McDonald's has choice on their menu - something you don't get. "He spews them as he wipes the (alleged) poutine from his lower lip." Poutine is only served in McDonald's restaurants in Quebec and western New Brunswick, sorry to say.
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
"However, if it breaks our old creaky enterprise software, we'll stick with XP." Whenever you're in a situation like this, you have to ask the developers "why are you holding us back?" Also, this situation can be easily avoided with virtualization solutions like MED-V, or App-V. Even if you don't get Software Assurance or an Enterprise Agreement that includes it, Virtual PC is still free too. It's not perfect, but it works 9 times out of 10. There's also Terminal Services.... Most of these solutions cost little to no money (they're free, or included with other products, or part of your SA benefits).
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
"users should always look out for is the dreaded "lockin" where one vendor tries to create barriers to future changes." Funny that you state that before this line: "Whatever I think of Win7 or Vista relative to OSX, I would prefer them to XP. However, if it breaks our old creaky enterprise software, we'll stick with XP." Funny, that.
chuckb84
on Apr 8, 2009
Waethorn, I don't control our enterprise software. I'm far removed from the part of this organization that does (over 3,000 employees). I don't get your comment on the lockin. I don't control it, and except for being grudgingly given a ladm account, I don't control what our IT people put on the Windows machines. I don't know if our organization is typical of most, but it was considered a BIG step when we stuck with XP, but "allowed" installation of Office 2003. On this part, "Whatever I think of Win7 or Vista relative to OSX, I would prefer them to XP. However, if it breaks our old creaky enterprise software, we'll stick with XP." What I meant was that our IT trolls will REQUIRE me to stick with XP. It's not something I can control. These are details. I was agreeing with your basic point that Microsoft and Apple as strong competitors is a good thing.
whiplash55
on Apr 8, 2009
Sounds like the RC will just be a nuke and pave over the build 7000. It's a Beta so no big deal. I love seeing the true nature of the thin skin Mac weenies coming out for all to see. Their hysteria over a couple of fun but not particularly derisive ads is pretty funny to watch. At least Microsoft didn't resort to all out lies to try to make their point. I expect we'll see Mac market share start heading south once Win 7 is released.
mikegalos@msn.com
on Apr 8, 2009
whiplash "I expect we'll see Mac market share start heading south once Win 7 is released" Actually that should say "continue heading south" or "head south even faster" based on the recent numbers.
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
"I don't get your comment on the lockin." It's quite simple. You say not to get locked in by a vendor that prevents future changes, and yet you'd prefer to use Vista or 7 over XP. Your enterprise software vendor is locking you in to a version that prevents you from upgrading your platform infrastructure software ie. your preferred OS. That's my comment. When you can't upgrade your IT infrastructure because your enterprise software vendor is holding you back (either due to compatibility or just a made-up support requirement), that's still vendor lock-in. You can't blame that one on Microsoft either. Whether you control IT resources in the company that you work for or not, you should still be able to recognize the vendor lock-in scenario that you were previously complaining about.
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
mike: What's the deal with Microsoft's unwillingness to add an ISO loader into the lower Windows driver levels? They already did VHD mounting in Windows 7. They must have a thing against the letter 'c'. (They do mounting of disk-images, but not disc-images. LOL!)
mikegalos@msn.com
on Apr 8, 2009
Waethorn Based on the PS in the original Windows Engineering Blog post (quoted below) they know they should have it in there so it's not unwillingness. ---------------------- PS: At Step 1 above many of you are probably thinking, “hey why don’t you just let me mount the ISO and skip the plastic disc”. We’ve heard this feedback and we deserve the feedback. We don’t have this feature in Windows 7 and we should have.
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
"We don’t have this feature in Windows 7 and we should have." So why jump the gun on VHD support in lieu of ISO support? I mean, have more people actually been asking for VHD support over ISO support? How much more difficult is it to implement ISO mounting over VHD mounting anyway? They basically work the same: you have a virtual drive, and the contents are mounted into a virtual drive by way of the already-included filesystem support, be it FAT, NTFS, or CDFS/UDF. I'm all for the VHD support. I just don't see how much different it's going to be to implement ISO support other than the file structure being obviously different than a VHD. They already handle ISO support though, since they have direct ISO-to-disc burning. Redirecting ISO file handling to a virtual drive letter would just combine the ISO handling with the work that the VHD-mount devs have already implemented.
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
@mike: My argument is for implementing it at a basic level so that commandline tools in Windows PE work. You can do this with diskpart in Windows PE for VHD's already. AFAIK, you can't do something simple like that with Virtual CloneDrive - it needs to have the GUI support. If someone knows a way to implement Virtual CloneDrive in a Windows PE commandline environment, well then, everyones complaints for the lack of functionality will start to go away.
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
Hmm.... Looking around, you can use a program called Univeral Extractor (search term: "uniextract") that will extract the files from the Slysoft EXE installer. Inside is a Drivers folder with drivers for x86 and x64 with INF files included. There's a commandline tool called VCDMount included that will mount an image to a CloneDrive drive letter. ....I'll have to play around with this. It may be possible to use the INF installer tools to integrate the Virtual CloneDrive drivers into a custom PE image along with the VCDMount program.
lotsamystuff
on Apr 8, 2009
"Poutine is only served in McDonald's restaurants in Quebec and western New Brunswick, sorry to say." As you like to say, "WRONG!!!" (with three exclamation points). I've seen it on the menu in Ontario.
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
"As you like to say, "WRONG!!!" (with three exclamation points). I've seen it on the menu in Ontario." I've NEVER seen it in an Ontario McDonald's, except once when they had it as a very limited promotional item, and I've eaten at quite a few McDonald's over the course of my lifetime. It's a regional food, and it's been served in Quebecois locations on the standard menu for as long as I can remember. Besides that, I've never seen a McDonald's keep cheese curds as a regular ingredient - except in Quebec and some areas of New Brunswick. Poutine is common in KFC's though. They don't use cheese curds though - they usually use mozzarella chunks.
Lindy
on Apr 8, 2009
@subzero "Not all Mac users "think" alike." You are right. There are a very few, VERY vocal group of Mac users (robersjoe types) that are very ANTI-MS. Most Mac users I know have moved to Mac or have been there a long time and dont even know what 7 is, let alone considering it at all. They are not ANTI-MS, they just like what they use and USE it.
lotsamystuff
on Apr 8, 2009
"I've NEVER seen it in an Ontario McDonald's, except once when they had it as a very limited promotional item, and I've eaten at quite a few McDonald's over the course of my lifetime." I'm sure you have. It would explain a lot. But whatever, dude. I've never been to Quebec or New Brunswick, but I go to Ontario at least once a year, and it's definitely on the menu there. Has been for as long as I can remember. Next time I go, I'll take a picture for ya. As to why I'm in McDonald's in Canada at all? Their bathrooms are clean and accessible. Too bad the kitchens aren't the former and the food isn't the latter.
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
@all: I got Virtual CloneDrive to work in Windows PE, and much simpler than I had previously suspected. You can run the setup EXE file from a Windows PE command prompt using the /S parameter. IT IS CASE SENSITIVE. This will install CloneDrive into the proper Programs File folder that is loaded into the RAMdrive that WinPE creates (normally X:). It also sets up the driver correctly (using DRVLOAD doesn't work). It will automatically set up one virtual drive using the first free drive letter available (excluding A and B). Inside the X:\Program Files\Elaborate Bytes folder is a program called VCDmount.EXE which will allow you to found an image file to that drive letter. You'll have to know which drive letter that is though. That's not the easiest thing to automate either (some help here would be appreciated). Assuming your drive is drive F, the command would look something like this: > vcdmount /L=F "" The /L command is to signify the drive letter in which to mount the image. Be aware of a couple of limitations: If your program requires access to the files on disc after a reboot, THIS WON'T WORK. I haven't tried doing anything major with this, like installing Windows 7 from the ISO or whatever. I also haven't tried this with x64 versions of Windows PE. I've only tried it with a Windows Vista SP1 OPK CD that's been booted. It contains an x86 version of Windows PE, based on Windows Server 2008 source files. I also haven't tried completely integrating CloneDrive into Windows PE directly. So far, this works, and you can probably script it easily without having to heavily modify your Windows PE files. You'd have to find a way to figure out exactly which drive is the virtual one though if you're using this method on disparate systems.
chuckb84
on Apr 8, 2009
"Whether you control IT resources in the company that you work for or not, you should still be able to recognize the vendor lock-in scenario that you were previously complaining about." I do recognize it and I complain about it in every venue at work where it makes any sense to do so. This does not result in any changes. Our "enterprise" software is written in house; the newer stuff is browser based and works okay across platforms/browsers....it runs "best" with IE, which I find appalling. However, the older stuff is Windows specific, and just doesn't work on Macs, and some of it doesn't work with Vista. It's annoying to me as a user, and from the perspective of Windows enthusiasts (I'm having trouble typing that, but to each his own) it's also a very bad thing, because that's why Vista has made little progress in the corporate world. I assume that this will all be fixed in Windows 7 and that backwards compatibility will be much better than Vista? I've ranted here about open standards many times, and ironically there could be a glimmer of a common interest there. All those stuck on XP would be much more likely to move on to something newer if things didn't break. Whether they move on to Win7 or OSX is their choice, but the OS vendor shouldn't get away with locking people into their product because of underlying data representations, proprietary APIs, etc. Finally, I'm not "blaming Microsoft" for this, except that they did make Vista, and it looks to me like they didn't provide complete backward compatibility.
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
"Too bad the kitchens aren't the former and the food isn't the latter." I have yet to see a McDonald's like those featured in "Super Size Me" (like that one where the kitchen staff were standing in backed-up sewage while cooking). Of course, I've never eaten at one in the States. I'm glad for that, too.
chuckb84
on Apr 8, 2009
Mike, "Actually that should say "continue heading south" or "head south even faster" based on the recent numbers." Tsk. You're smarter than that, so you must assume that WE aren't smart. The "recent numbers" are highly debatable NPD estimates. Furthermore, you know that a month of numbers is not a trend; it is the derivative (more or less) of annual sales growth. Apple's net share is up 30%, from 7.5% to 9.7%. Furthermore (and I know that you know this, so don't play coy), an enormous fraction of those "Windows Computers" are cash registers, etc. More of that share is installed corporate base that is on a regular upgrade cycle. The only competitive place is consumer sales and perhaps schools. Based on marketshare numbers that Paul loves so much, Windows outsells OSX about 30:1. I've never understood the intense paranoia from Microsoft and Windows enthusiasts over such a minor competitor. Apple is somehow both a looming threat and a trivial irrelevance? Why so worried?
Waethorn
on Apr 8, 2009
"it runs "best" with IE, which I find appalling." When it's a Windows infrastructure that you're running and systems are locked down from users tampering about, then it shouldn't be an issue. When you start mixing and matching platforms for no reason (or just because that's what the user prefers), that's when you (read: IT) get into trouble. Being "platform agnostic" without a good reason is just stupid IMHO, and usually it results in a lack of fluidity and integration, which affects workflow on down the line. "I assume that this will all be fixed in Windows 7 and that backwards compatibility will be much better than Vista?" Sorry, but it's a common misconception that Windows 7 will be any better at compatibility than Windows Vista. It won't magically fix things that don't work in Vista. What is happening is that Microsoft is adding extra compatibility shims to Vista, and those shims will be present in Windows 7. Windows 7 will be more compatible AT LAUNCH than Windows Vista *was* AT LAUNCH. Windows Vista NOW is much better at compatibility than it was, and it's certainly worth retesting by IT if they only tested it shortly after launch. The work will continue on during the lifetime of 7, and Software Assurance customers will receive Windows 7 as part of their agreement. It's possible that Microsoft might eventually cut off compatibility updates to Vista in favour of 7 in the future. That remains to be seen though. My whole point about compatibility has to do with support lifecycles. I look at hardware and software together in a platform. I don't see a point of using old software with new hardware, so upgrading software WITH hardware is always ideal. Getting support from all vendors during the same lifecycle upgrades should be easier for companies, regardless of whether or not they are proprietarily-based or platform-agnostic. Unfortunately, some businesses find that certain vendors will keep them held back. Vendors that rely on support and maintenance agreements usually have very low R&D expenses, so they don't contribute to industry innovation. That's what I think is one of the worst parts of it all.
Master3
on Apr 8, 2009
@ chuckb84 Cover, Spin, cover, divert. Point is people are choosing PC over high-priced Apple computers more and more. Unfortunately millions of dollars of snotty ads, and army of trolls, and a corporate cult can only get you so far. "Based on marketshare numbers that Paul loves so much, Windows outsells OSX about 30:1. I've never understood the intense paranoia from Microsoft and Windows enthusiasts over such a minor competitor. Apple is somehow both a looming threat and a trivial irrelevance? Why so worried?" No one is worried. We just have had it up to here with a small, obnoxious group of infantile users of their platform that have made it their mission to PO as many non-Apple using people as possible. And maybe now that you clowns are having some humble pie, maybe your maturity level will improve.
bettieblu
on Apr 8, 2009
Master....time for the meds. Agro aleart!!!! Chuck is right with "Apple is somehow both a looming threat and a trivial irrelevance?" Which is it? I also agree with "an enormous fraction of those "Windows Computers" are cash registers" Rough break down of where I work, tad over 5k employees, tad over 1500 AD users, No Vista, maybe 60 users have an actual computer, split between IT/Marketing and are about split Leopard/XP. Users in our stores connect to TS farm via Wyse thins, users at corp connect to VDI servers with Wyse thins. We have some thins that are 10 years old running strong, no "desktop hardware refresh" going on here. Of the roughly 650 copies of XP running that we maintain, about 525 are registers, that run a single, full touch screen app, no keyboard. The rest of the XP is either VDI or a few notebook/desktops in IT.
whiplash55
on Apr 8, 2009
McDonald's I remember when I was 15 and worked at McDonald's they had a "Shamrock Shake" promotion for St Patric's day, nobody told me to dilute the green mint flavor 4 to 1. Needless to say some people had unexpected consequences a day or 2 later. Guess they had an extended St Paty's day celebration. I don't think anyone sued.
WebGuy3000
on Apr 8, 2009
"When you start mixing and matching platforms for no reason (or just because that's what the user prefers), that's when you (read: IT) get into trouble. Being "platform agnostic" without a good reason is just stupid IMHO, and usually it results in a lack of fluidity and integration, which affects workflow on down the line." And here I thought having choices was a good thing. Guess not. When the only tool you have is a hammer, everything starts looking like a nail.
chuckb84
on Apr 8, 2009
Waethorn, "When it's a Windows infrastructure that you're running and systems are locked down from users tampering about, then it shouldn't be an issue. When you start mixing and matching platforms for no reason (or just because that's what the user prefers), that's when you (read: IT) get into trouble. Being "platform agnostic" without a good reason is just stupid IMHO, and usually it results in a lack of fluidity and integration, which affects workflow on down the line." We run an (almost completely) Windows shop internally. However, in the past 4-5 years many of our CUSTOMERS are on Macs. When we have customer meetings, I note ~20% of the users bring Mac laptops. Of course, this is not a random sample, it is not the general computer using public, but it is OUR customer base. Our customers interact with our in-house systems. Difficulties arise because we are internally (almost) all Windows. Your statement about changing systems "just because that's what the user prefers" takes on an entirely different meaning when it is "just because that's what the CUSTOMER prefers". Mac users are not a majority of our customers, but they are a significant number, somewhere between 15% and 25%, as best I can tell. I don't know the number more precisely, but it sure isn't the global "including all the Windows cash registers" 3% that Paul loves to cite. So, Open standards make sense if that's what the world (and your customers) use and it causes problems when they interact with an enterprise system based on Windows and proprietary systems and standards. This is actually not as far off topic from the original post as this now sounds: Windows 7 faces two critical issues in the business world: (1) Is it compatible with all the (often badly written) enterprise software developed during the 8 years of XP, (2) what is the ---business--- case for Windows 7? On the basis of my experience at work, the IT people here never saw a case for Vista. I hope it will be different for Win7, because I'd rather use that than XP, but at this point I don't see a reason to expect a different outcome.

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