It might be obvious that Windows XP improved dramatically during its development, but I won't focus on that here, as it's covered extensively in my Road to Gold article. Instead, let's take a look at what's new in Windows XP, and why it's a must-have upgrade for all Windows users.

Why Windows XP Is Important
Each Windows release has a theme, a reason for it to exist. Windows 95, of course, moved the DOS/Windows world to the 32-bit space, and brought with it a major change to the Windows user interface. Not coincidentally, Windows NT 4.0 was about moving the Windows 95 user interface to the NT world. Windows 98 was a small release designed to add bug fixes and Internet integration, along with new device support. Windows 98 SE, of course, was an even smaller upgrade with the same mission as its predecessor: Add new Internet features, improve stability, and support new hardware. Windows 2000, an NT product, brought a new level of sophistication and compatibility to the business world. And Windows Me--the final 9x product--added stability and digital media features to Microsoft's new consumer line.

With Windows XP, the theme is experiences. XP is designed to enable a new generation of end-to-end experiences for the user, experiences that make the PC easier to use, while being more fun and productive to boot. The term experiences, of course, brings with it the unwanted mark of marketing, but this time, the reality is as good as the promise. You can experience digital photography, digital video, digital music, the Internet, mobile computing, the connected home, real-time communications, and a variety of other experiences using just Windows XP.


Windows XP is also about choice. Contrary to reports that Windows XP was exclusionary, this OS makes it easier for users to decide which applications will work with which tasks. For example, you could use AOL and Netscape for Web and email, and then use Kodak's digital camera software to acquire digital photos, if you wanted. So you don't have to use what Microsoft provides. But for the vast majority of users, what Microsoft does provide in the box is not only sufficient, but actually quite good. That's because the company really thought through each experience end-to-end: What happens when the user plugs in a digital camera? Or a camcorder? It's all in there, and it's about what real users want to do with their computers.

And finally, Windows XP is important because it signals the end of the old DOS/Windows product line. Windows XP is based on a new version of the NT/2000 kernel, dubbed the Windows Engine, which brings the reliability of Microsoft's industrial strength business platform to home users for the first time. That it does so without sacrificing application and hardware compatibility is really the most impressive thing about this release. Microsoft has finally come through on its promise to integrate its consumer and business OS products, and the result is far better than I would have anticipated just a year ago.

Windows XP Versions: Home, Professional and 64-bit
Speaking of consumers and business users, Microsoft is releasing three editions of Windows XP: Home Edition, Professional, and 64-bit Edition, the latter of which will run only on new workstations based on Intel's 64-bit Itanium processor. We won't deal with the 64-bit Edition here specifically, but you can learn about the differences between it and the 32-bit versions in my showcase, Windows XP 64-bit Edition & Windows Advanced Server LE Revealed.

Windows XP Home Edition and Professional are essentially the same 32-bit operating system. Both feature the same kernel and basic capabilities, and unless otherwise noted, everything in this review applies to both versions. The Home Edition, as you might expect, is targeted at home users, or the majority of people who were previously using Windows 98 and Windows Me. Professional is targeted at business users and power users, so it offers business-oriented features and some additional capabilities that would be expected by the more technical people. For a complete rundown of the differences, please refer to my showcase, Windows XP Home Edition vs. Professional Edition. But remember one key fact: Professional is a true superset of Home Edition, so if it's in Home Edition, it's in Pro as well.

Upgrading and Installing
Microsoft is permitting upgrades from Windows 98, 98 SE, Me, NT 4.0, and 2000 to Windows XP (see my showcase, What to Expect from Windows XP, for details on which Editions support upgrades from which previous versions of Windows). What this means is that Windows 95, Windows 3.x, and Windows NT 3.5 do not qualify for upgrades. On a related note, evaluation versions of any Windows OS, including Windows XP, do not qualify for upgrades either. This all makes sense: Computers running Windows 95 or older wouldn't be capable of taking advantage of Windows XP anyway.

Most Windows users acquire their OS along with a new PC purchase. For these people, setting up XP will be a painless affair: The first time you turn on the system, you will be presented with a modified Out of Box Experience (OOBE) sequence called Windows Welcome (Figure), with which you can set up the system for multiple users, Internet access, and the like. Users of new PCs will also be free from Windows Product Activation (WPA), a controversial technology that Microsoft uses to enforce its licensing policies. With WPA, each copy of Windows can only be used with a single PC, but on new PCs, this is enforced solely through a technology called BIOS locking. This ties the copy of Windows you received to the BIOS on your new system. The good news is that you can change, upgrade, or swap out any hardware in the system, forever, and never be forced to reactivate Windows XP. You can also restore the system from scratch, using the CDs supplied by the PC maker, and not need to activate Windows. The bad news is that the copy of Windows XP you received with that system can only be installed on that system: You can't put it on a second PC.

For other XP users, WPA could still be a headache, but Microsoft has taken steps to ensure that the technology is as non-invasive as possible. If your system has a network card installed, for example, you can change at least 6 hardware devices every 120 days (new hardware device installations do not count, thankfully), and never need to reactivate. But if you exceed this limit, Windows XP will ask you to reactivate by phone, a process Microsoft says will always take less than 10 minutes, often much less. The reason for enabling this technology is to prevent casual copying, Microsoft says, and while it's gotten a lot of bad press (including some from yours truly), I've come to believe that WPA will ultimately affect only a vast minority of users. Most people simply will never run into WPA at all, beyond the initial activation (which, again, doesn't apply to new PC purchasers). You have 30 days to activate Windows (Figure), after which it refuses to let you logon without first activating.

For those that choose to upgrade their current version of Windows, or install XP from scratch, Windows XP sports a new interactive Setup routine that mimics the new XP color scheme. On upgrades, an AutoRun Wizard launches (Figure) when you pop in the CD, providing a simple step-by-step routine for installing the OS over your existing version or performing a clean install. If you'd prefer to install Windows XP in a different partition than your current OS, you can do that as well, and Windows XP will set up a dual-boot menu for you. Note however that XP Setup does not include any capability to non-destructively repartition your hard drives; if you need to do this to dual-boot XP, you will need a third party application such as the excellent Partition Magic 7.

In the early stages of Setup, a new feature called Dynamic Update launches (Figure), allowing you to update the Setup files with the latest fixes and updates over the Internet. This was designed to prevent Windows XP from becoming prematurely obsolete; with previous versions of Windows, the code was frozen when the CD was sent to manufacturing, and users were forced to manually upgrade via Windows Update after Setup was complete. Dynamic Update alleviates this problem, and corporate users can even apply these updates to a network-based install share, which is good stuff.

For people who buy a new PC or prefer to perform a clean install, Microsoft has included a powerful new feature called the File and Transfer Wizard, which lets you easily move your documents and settings from an old PC (or installation) to the new install (Figure). First, you run this wizard on the old PC, and it archives the appropriate information in a location you specify (you can even go in and fine-tune what gets saved). Then, after Windows XP is installed, you re-run the wizard and apply the files and settings to your new install. What a great idea.

One thing that's not unique to XP but is likely to be a new concept for most users is the notion of individual user accounts, where each user who logs onto the system has their own account, with personalized settings and files. This capability was actually implemented in various versions of Windows 9x, though it was hard to find and use; Windows NT 4.0 and 2000, of course, include this capability, but then these OSes were of course designed for businesses and aren't widely used in homes. Windows XP makes it easy to work with multiple users, and it offers a place during Windows Welcome where you can immediately tell the system what users you'd like to create (Figure). And you can add users later, of course, through the Control Panel (Figure).

In previous versions of Windows, you could switch between user accounts fairly easily, but you had to log out first. In Windows XP, a new feature called Fast User Switching lets you leave accounts logged on, with running applications, and switch to another user (Figure). So a family might create personalized accounts for Mom, Dad, and each child, all on the same PC. Each could be logged on simultaneously, each running different applications. And the various family members could simply switch to their account as they sat down at the PC. It's a cool feature for those that need it. (Hint: Type WinKey+L to more quickly switch users).

New User Interface: Hits and Misses
Of course, the most obvious change in Windows XP is its new user interface, code-named Luna (Figure). Early in the development of Windows XP, Microsoft decided that it would move from the monolithic Explorer shell--first introduced in Windows 95--to a new UI that would be more extensible and easier to upgrade later. This new shell allows the user to provide various Visual Styles to the OS, each giving a unique look and feel, while utilizing users' same basic skill set from the old UI.

Sadly, the new user interface is only half realized. The original plan was to provide a "professional" UI for XP Professional Edition (Figure) and a "home" UI for Home Edition. In early 2001, feedback from its customers indicated to Microsoft that most users were only interested in the UI the company had developed for the Home Edition, so the Professional look and feel was dropped. So the "home" interface is the UI we have today in all editions of XP, a sea of blues and greens (Figure) that I find attractive, though other users have voiced their doubts. Responding to criticisms that the new UI was too limiting, Microsoft began working on variations of the new UI that feature different color schemes. Again, the company didn't come through: Only two of these schemes, an ugly olive green (Figure) and a slightly less offensive silver (Figure), were finalized in time for the release of XP. I've been told that Microsoft had other color schemes planned--such as copper, ruby, emerald, and night--but whether these will ever see the light of day remains to be seen. Until (or unless) they do, we're stuck with what Microsoft includes in the box: A new attractive blue UI, and the other two color variations. For old-timers and businesses that want to standardize on a single UI, Microsoft also includes a "classic" UI that roughly emulates the Windows 2000 UI (Figure). Using "classic," however is like using Program Manager in Windows 95: It works, but it's ugly and not recommended.

But where the beauty of Windows XP is in the eye of the beholder, the functionality of the new UI is way more than skin deep. That's because the most important change to the UI isn't the new look and feel, it's the new task-based design. In Windows 98, Microsoft first integrated IE into the Windows shell, and in doing so, it created a Web pane in each Explorer window. These panes were largely useless, and took up valuable screen real estate. In Windows XP, these panes have been dramatically updated, and they now expose tasks that are appropriate for the current folder (Figure). So a folder full of images, for example, will include a list of Picture Tasks; you can view a slideshow, order prints online, or print pictures (Figure). A music folder will display tasks for playing music and ordering music online (Figure). And clicking an individual icon reveals choices specific to that file type. Bravo.

Power users will be quick to turn this feature off, but I caution against this. Give the new Task panes a few weeks before deciding that you're better off without them, as you will often run into choices you might not have even known about. I can't stress this enough: These task-basked choices are among the most important reasons to upgrade to this OS. They are a welcome and most useful feature.

On the other hand, the new search functionality is most unwanted, especially in the Professional Edition. Microsoft has replaced the old search functionality from Windows Me/2000 with a new agent-based design that features a small cartoonish dog, by default, for no apparent reason (Figure). This damnable character also appears in IE Web searches by default, and my advice is remove it as quickly as possible (as a final insult, when you do turn off the dog, he walks off into the distance slowly, making you wait for him to disappear... arrghh....).

In Windows XP, the Start Menu (Figure) has been extensively updated into a two pane design that provides quick access to your most important documents, applications, and other OS features. Before, accessing many of these items would require you to minimize all windows to get at the desktop, or open new windows. Now it's all there, right where you need them, just a click away. It's a wonderful addition that I sorely miss when I sit down at older PCs.

Likewise, the Taskbar and tray notification area have been significantly updated as well. In the past, numerous running windows would clog the Taskbar with buttons so small that it was impossible to tell them apart. In Windows XP, multiple Taskbar buttons are organized into logical groups. So if you have multiple shell windows open, for example, you will see one button called Windows Explorer (Figure). When you click on that button, a list will extend up from the button, allowing you to choose which window you'd like. In the tray, icon over-proliferation has rendered many a Windows system unwieldy. In XP, unused tray icons are simply hidden (Figure), a feature that can be configured on an icon-by-icon basis. Don't like it? You can turn it off.

My Computer/Explorer windows support a number of new view styles in XP too. A new Thumbnails view (Figure) offers larger thumbnails than the version in Windows Me. A new Tiles view (Figure) displays preview information about files, such as music file meta data (artist name and album) or image type and resolution for image files. And a new Filmstrip lets you preview images without opening a preview application (Figure). Likewise, a new folder sorting option called Grouping lets you organize icons by category. This view is used in My Computer by default (Figure), where icons are divided into groups like Files Stored on this Computer, Hard Disk Drives, Devices with Removable Storage, and the like.

What I don't like, however, is that shell folder view styles are not persistent. You can spend a lot of time setting up individual shell folders to behave certain ways, but the settings are not actually applied to the folder; instead, they appear to be tied to individual users accounts. I wish Microsoft would figure out some way to permanently apply customizations to folders. And how come many view styles--like Thumbnail and Tiles--don't respect the Auto-Arrange option? All my folders are set to Arrange By Name/Auto-Arrange, and yet none of them actually auto-arrange anything. It's infuriating having to manually re-set the Auto-Arrange option on folders all the time.

Anyway, the new Control Panel continues the XP organizational theme. Rather than present a slew of icons, the XP Control Panel displays a small set of logical categories (Figure), which you can drill down into for specific tasks (Figure). After wrestling over the issue of whether this is truly a better way to present this information, I've decided that it probably is, though I'm still sometimes confused by the organization of things. But it's telling that I don't turn off the new Control Panel, as you can display it in the old icon view if you want.

Other new shell features include an integrated CD burning capability (Figure), which will record (or "burn") audio and data CDs as fast as is possible with your hardware; and the ClearType display enhancement technology for LCD displays (laptops and flat panel monitors only). Both are most welcome additions.

Overall, the new user interface is more attractive, simpler, and easier to use than previous versions of Windows. I wish that the shell was more easily configurable, however, and that there were more color schemes available. Perhaps Microsoft will offer some for download after XP is made available October 25.

Digital Media Experiences
If you want to work with digital photos, videos, or music, Windows XP is the place to be. Improving on the digital media capabilities in Windows Me, Microsoft has stuffed Windows XP full of useful multimedia functionality, providing most users with virtually everything they'll ever need to work with digital media. If you're into this kind of thing, Windows XP is a no-brainer (Indeed, I've written a book about Windows XP's digital media capabilities; I consider this functionality to be the number one reason to upgrade to this OS).

First of all, the My Pictures and My Music folders have been elevated to special shell folder status in Windows XP; this means that they are directly accessible from the Start Menu, alongside My Documents. (Why this status was not awarded, at least optionally, to My Videos is unknown). This change represents an explicit and important understanding on Microsoft's part that users are now regularly utilizing their PCs to work with digital photographs and music, as well as office documents and text files.

But the digital media integration in Windows XP goes far beyond shell folders. This is one area where Microsoft's "end-to-end" paradigm really pays off. Let's say you want to work with digital pictures. First, you need to get them into your system, and XP includes drivers for the vast majority of digital cameras and scanners. And once you connect such a device, XP launches a dialog that asks you what you'd like to do: The default is to acquire those images with the Camera and Scanner Wizard (Figure). This wizard, which presents different options for cameras and scanners, based on their capabilities, walks you through the process of copying images from the device to your PC (Figure). If you're using a camera, you can choose which pictures to copy, decide whether to delete the images from the device, and so on. And the wizard lets you print photos you've acquired, either locally or at an Internet-based printing service. When the file copy is complete, XP opens the window to which the images were copied, so you know where they are immediately. And that folder, of course, is customized to present photo-specific tasks in its Task pane (Figure). You can also share images with friends and family, via email or the Web, and XP will resize them automatically if you'd like. Want to archive the images to CD? Burn a photo CD. It's all built-in.

Digital music and video offer similar experiences. A new version of Windows Media Player, now called Media Player for Windows XP (MPXP, Figure) offers a stunning all-in-one design that renders other media player instantly obsolete. MPXP can play music and videos, yes, but it can also record music from audio CDs, organize and manage your digital music and video collections, listen to Internet radio stations, create custom audio "mix" CDs, and copy music to portable devices, among other things.

MPXP is at the center of some controversy as I write this, as it natively supports Microsoft's audio and video formats only, and is integrated into the OS. But MPXP plays back files encoded in MP3 audio format as well, and if you'd like to record music in MP3 format, a set of cheap ($10) add-on packs will be available for download soon. Likewise, DVD movie playback is possible through MPXP as well, but only if you first install a third party DVD application or DVD Playback Add-on pack (also cheap, about $10-20). I wish these features were just built-in, however.

Music and videos are organized with the My Music and My Video folders, respectively, which offer task-based options similar to those offered by My Pictures. To record video from an analog or digital video source, Microsoft supplies Windows Movie Maker (WMM) 1.1, which will be updateable to version 1.2 by the time XP hits the street in October (Figure). WMM also offers simple video editing features, and provides users with a wonderful way to get going with this exciting technology. WMM first debuted in Windows Me; the XP version includes support for Windows Media Video and Audio version 8 technologies, non-compressed AVI recording of digital video sources, and output to Pocket PC devices.

In short, Windows XP is a digital media powerhouse, offering true end-to-end solutions for all common digital media tasks. It's really quite powerful.

Networking and Internetworking
As the hub of a connected hub, Windows XP offers unparalleled connectivity within internal networks and across the Internet. A new Network Setup Wizard (Figure) replaces the Home Networking Wizard from Windows Me, offering a simple step-by-step approach to setting up your network, regardless of which OSes are running on other machines. Windows XP can share an Internet connection, and indeed, it will actually do so automatically if it can detect the connection. Speaking of automatic, a new Internet Connection Firewall (ICF) is also self-enabled on all outbound connections, preventing hackers from even discovering that there is a PC attached. To test ICF, I downloaded security expert Steve Gibson's Shields Up utility, and XP passed with flying colors.

With more and more homes keeping older PCs in use and networking them with their new system, Windows XP will prove to be a valuable addition, due to the way it automates what had previously been difficult tasks. And unlike Windows 9x/Me, Windows XP has no problem working with multiple network adapters. If you struggled with networking in 9x, you will be pleasantly surprised by XP.

Another area where XP shines is wireless networking. If you plan to be using an 802.11 (Wi-Fi)-based network, think XP all the way. Windows XP laptops and desktops can automatically negotiate wireless networks (Figure), pick (and dynamically switch to) the quickest connection, and just keep running, all without requiring any user intervention. One of the harder things about wireless networking, previously, was networking bridging, where a separate wireless network had to integrate, somehow, with an existing wired (Ethernet) network. In XP, this is done seamlessly for you, and it works with HomePNA (phone wire-based) networks as well. So you could potentially have a variety of different networks at home--wireless, wired, and HomePNA--and they would work together automatically, and all share the same Internet connection.

As you might expect, Windows XP ships with a standard complement of Internet clients, including the wonderful Internet Explorer (IE) 6 Web browser (Figure). IE 6 adds a new Media Bar for playing Web-based media without the need for a separate application (Figure), new privacy and security features, and better support for Internet standards. In XP, IE 6 takes on the XP look and feel, which means it's a lot more attractive in this OS than it is in others (IE 6 is freely downloadable for other Windows users). But other than that, it doesn't seem much different than the IE 5.x products it replaces.

For consumers and other less-technical users, XP also includes MSN Explorer, Microsoft's integrated client for Web, email, and MSN services (Figure). MSN Explorer is an attractive program, though I doubt it will find much of an audience beyond the types of people who gravitate to services such as AOL. It's a little too confining for my tastes.

Microsoft's free email and newsgroup client, Outlook Express, comes along for the ride with this release as well, though it hasn't been updated much beyond a UI refresh to match the XP look and feel.

Overall, Windows XP is a networking champion. If you intend to share an Internet connection and want your internal network to be as safe as possible, XP is the way to go. Likewise, XP makes it easy to network any number of computers, regardless of which OS they're running.

Real-time Communications
On a related note, Windows XP offers an interesting new bit of functionality in the real-time communications category. The software is called Windows Messenger, and though it looks and acts a lot like MSN Messenger, it's predecessor, this version is far more compelling. Essentially a melding of the previous separate MSN Messenger and NetMeeting applications, along with a new communications protocol, Windows Messenger is the key to Microsoft's future plans for .NET. Basically, this little application offers text chat (Figure), audio and video conferencing (Figure), application sharing (Figure) and whiteboarding, as well as an interesting integration with Remote Assistance (see Reliability and Stability, below). The video conferencing stuff is awesome, though it's limited to two users only. I'm already looking forward to saying goodnight to my son when I'm on the road, via the video conferencing feature. It's just such an obvious use.

But at its heart, Windows Messenger is really a conduit for upcoming .NET services. Between the time of this review and the widespread availability of Windows XP in late October (and beyond that presumably), Microsoft will be adding a number of .NET-oriented features to Windows Messenger that will let it act as a rendezvous point for MSN Alerts, MSN Calendar, and other services. Stay tuned.

Windows Messenger, of course, works through the suddenly controversial Microsoft Passport service. But I don't see a big deal here: Windows XP lets you integrate your Windows logon with Passport and Windows Messenger so that you're automatically logged onto Passport-compatible Web sites when you logon to Windows (Figure). But it's optional, and the amount of information you have to give to Passport is minimal. There's no conspiracy here.

Hardware and Software Compatibility
When Microsoft started work on Whistler in late 1999, the program managers responsible for this product knew that application and device compatibility was going to be a key goal. With Windows 2000, the company was able to get away with less than stellar compatibility by tying that product to business users and the sorts of applications and hardware those people tended to use. In XP, there is no place to hide: This release is geared toward individuals, and as such, it needs to work with everything. And having seen this product improve dramatically over the past several months, it's clear that the work Microsoft has done with application and device compatibility is nothing sort of amazing. Remember that Windows XP is based on the NT/2000 kernel, and not the 9x one. Getting all that stuff working--seamlessly, mind you--in XP is impressive.

To the end user, however, it just works. Plug in a device, and chances are, Windows XP already has the driver ready. Install a game, application, or other software, and it will probably just work fine (there are exceptions, of course: Windows 9x disk utilities and anti-virus software, for example, will not work in NT-based OSes like XP). Behind the scenes, XP will natively run any compatible software. But it will also fool software, automatically, into thinking that it is running on a previous Windows OS if that's what it takes to get it to work. And if it can't fool the application, you can do so manually using Compatibility Mode: Just right-click a shortcut to the app, and then choose Properties and navigate to the Compatibility tab (Figure). You can choose to make the application think it's running under Windows 95, Windows 98, NT 4.0 or Windows 2000. And if the app needs to run under 256 colors, or in 640 x 480 mode, you can do that too. Good stuff.

If you can't get a hardware device to work, the appropriate Windows 2000 driver will generally work. Like Windows 2000, XP includes a Device Manager and Add Hardware Wizard for manually managing hardware devices. I suspect you won't need to use them all that often however.

Speaking of compatibility, one area where Windows XP shines is gaming. It includes DirectX 8.1 for compatibility with the latest Windows-compatible games, of course, but XP also works with many older games, including some DOS games. Feel like breaking out that ancient copy of Castle Wolfenstein or Duke Nukem? Go nuts: They actually work.

Reliability and Stability
One area in which Windows 9x users have long suffered is reliability and stability. Well, welcome to the reality with which Windows 2000 users are quite accustomed. But it gets better: Microsoft knows categorically that Windows XP is more reliable than even Windows 2000, its previous reliability and stability champ. To this end, I have never blue screened Windows XP, not once, on any of the machines I've installed it. I just don't even think about it, and it runs 24x7, day after day, without needing a reboot. It's what a PC OS should be.

To help users keep up and running, XP includes an interesting array of tools. The new Help and Support application (Figure) is modeled after, but improved on, the version in Windows Me, and it offers a one-stop shop for all your support needs. You can ask a friend or help desk rep to remotely connect to your PC with Remote Assistance (Figure), for example, or download the latest system updates from Windows Update (Figure). It also includes links to other key reliability and stability tools, such as System Restore (Figure), which is now configurable per drive, a nice change. And Help and Support is fully extensible. This means that PC makers will add content specific to their systems, and that Microsoft will update the content over time. By far, this is the nicest version of online help in any Windows version.

Like Windows Me, Windows XP also includes Auto Update, which can automatically update your system if key security updates become available. This feature doesn't appear to have changed much.

The remote access features in Windows XP, however, are particularly compelling. Both Windows XP Home Edition and Professional support the aforementioned Remote Assistance, through which you can allow any other Windows XP user can take control of your system in order to help out (Figure). This feature will let system administrators fix problems on users' PCs, without requiring them to leave their desk and walk to your PC, which could be down the hall, a few blocks away, or even in a different city. You can also use this feature to help mom and dad when they run into a problem.

Windows XP Pro also supports a unique feature called Remote Desktop, which is essentially a one user version of the Terminal Services capability from Windows 2000 Server. What this lets you do is logon to your Windows XP Pro desktop over the Internet and use it as if you were sitting at the machine (Figure). Remote Desktop will automatically detect the quality of your connection and modify various display properties accordingly--for example, it will typically turn off the desktop wallpaper during remote sessions. The benefits of this feature are obvious, and one way in which it's already being used in the real world is at Microsoft, where employees Remote Desktop into their work PCs from home, rather than needing to maintain separate copies of their data, both at work and at home. I use it to hit my desktop PC--with its email program and data files--from my laptop, wirelessly, and it's a Godsend.

Features Unique to Professional Edition
Speaking of unique features in Pro, there are several other areas in which the high end version of Windows XP differentiates itself from its consumer-oriented sibling. Again, this is detailed in my showcase, Windows XP Home Edition vs. Professional Edition, but a few key features are worth mentioning.

First of all, Windows XP Pro is designed to work in businesses. So it includes numerous business-oriented features that would be out of place in a home system. You can logon to Active Directory based domains from Windows XP Pro. You can work with roaming profiles, and use the encrypting file system and Offline Files and Folders, a crucial feature for many mobile users.

For the power user, Windows XP Pro offers support for two processors (Home supports just one), Remote Desktop, a Backup utility with support for ASR (Automated System Recovery), fax support (only a post-install option on Home Edition), and Internet Information Services (IIS) 5.1, Microsoft's latest personal Web server.

There are also very small shell differences between the two; Home Edition doesn't display the Address Bar in My Computer windows by default, for some reason, while Pro does. Pro includes Start Menu entries for My Recent Documents and Printers and Faxes by default, though Home does not. Nothing major.

Pricing, Availability, and System Requirements
Windows XP Home Edition, Professional, and 64-bit Edition will be widely available starting October 25, 2001, though several major PC makers will have new XP-based systems available before then. Windows XP Home Edition costs $199.99, or $99.99 for the Upgrade version, while XP Pro costs $299.99, and $199.99 for an upgrade. Windows XP 64-bit Edition is only available with new Itanium workstations.

There are some pricing discounts, however. For users that which to purchase multiple copies of Windows, Microsoft will offer Family Licenses, which will let you buy additional copies of XP Home or Pro at an 8 to 12 percent discount. Also, because most new PCs will probably ship with Home Edition, Microsoft is offering a Windows XP Professional Step-Up upgrade, which lets you upgrade from Home to Pro for only $125, a $75 savings.

Windows XP requires a 266 MHz Intel or compatible processor with 64 MB of RAM, though Microsoft recommends a 300 MHz processor with 128 MB of RAM. I recommend a system that significantly exceeds Microsoft's specifications, however, and since RAM and other hardware is so inexpensive these days, there's almost no reason not to do so. Windows XP requires a minimum of 1.5 GB of free hard disk space, VGA resolution (though SVGA is recommended; don't use anything less than 1024x768), a bootable CD-ROM or DVD drive, and a network adapter or modem with Internet access. In other words, a modern PC. Microsoft says that any PC built after January 2000 should be fully capable of running Windows XP, and I do agree with that, though again, you should bump up the RAM as much as possible.

Conclusions
Windows XP is a must-have upgrade for any individual using any version of Windows. I wouldn't recommend that any corporation halt an ongoing Windows 2000 rollout for XP, but for virtually everyone else, it's a no-brainer. It is far more reliable and stable than Windows 9x, while offering a similar level of software and device compatibility. Compared to Windows NT/2000, XP offers a stunning new interface with various integrated experiences, but it's also more reliable, and far more compatible. And features like Remote Desktop, Remote Assistance, and Windows Messenger will make Windows XP indispensable to many current 2000 users as well.

The best way to get XP, of course, is with a new PC. If you can't afford that route, then I recommend a clean installation on the most modern hardware you have available. Either way, you won't be disappointed. I'm less sure of most upgrades at this point, however: Windows NT/2000 upgrades should proceed smoothly, given that these OS share the same basic core as XP. But upgrades from Windows 9x/Me should be performed with great care: You will be able to uninstall Windows XP if needed (not true on NT/2000, incidentally), but there's also a greater chance that something will go wrong. If possible, save your settings and documents with the Files and Settings Transfer Wizard and go with a clean install. It will take longer, but it's definitely worth it.

Regardless of how you get it, Windows XP is a cause for celebration. For the hundreds of millions of people mired in the unstable hell of Windows 9x, Windows XP is a clean slate, your entry into a new world of reliability and stability. For Windows 2000 users, the upgrade is less dramatic, but still worthwhile, especially for the mobility and digital media features. And for competitors such as Linux, where innovation often has equated to simply copying the feature set of Windows, the bar has been raised yet again, this time to stupefying heights. Surely, those platforms will catch up to XP, someday, in areas such as digital media integration, the task-based user interface, and the like. But in the meantime, we've got the best solution right here, right now. And it's primed for hundreds of millions of users just waiting for a reason to upgrade.

--Paul Thurrott
September 3, 2001
Updated September 5, 2001

My comments about the "copycat" Mac OS X and Linux environments have garnered a bit of mail, mostly from Mac fans, who aren't used to the notion that Microsoft might actually innovate occasionally. So I'd like to explain my stance on this issue: You might be surprised.

XP Screenshots  

Finally, a multi-user OS that real people can use.


The new Welcome screen.


The Windows XP UI is brand new...


... but its also a sea of blue colors.


Filmstrip view makes it easy to work with photos and other images.


By default, digital music is arrange by artist and album, with automatically generated album art thumbnails.


When there are too many Taskbar buttons, a new grouping feature kicks in.


The Camera and Scanner Wizard makes short work out of image acquisition.


The Application Sharing feature in Windows Messenger.


Media Player for Windows XP is best-of-breed.


Windows Movie Maker 1.1 is limited but it does make it easy to acquire and edit digital movies.


Windows XP is a champ with wireless connections.